In the past 20 years, two important changes in the refractory industry are the widespread application of magnesia carbon bricks in the lining of steelmaking furnaces, and the application of aluminum-carbon bricks in continuous casting. Graphite refractories are closely linked to the steelmaking industry, which consumes about 70% of the refractories worldwide.

(l) magnesia carbon brick magnesia carbon refractory was successfully developed by United States in the mid-60s, and in the 70s, the Japan steelmaking industry began to use magnesia carbon bricks in water-cooled electric arc furnace steelmaking. At present, magnesia carbon bricks have been widely used in steelmaking around the world and have become a traditional use of graphite. In the early 80s, magnesia carbon bricks began to be used in the lining of oxygen top blowing converters. At present, most of the materials used in United Kingdom for oxygen top blowing steel lining are magnesia-carbon bricks, and the lining life is 1000 times to 1500 times, while in Japan, the life of the furnace lining is 2000 times to 2500 times.

Natural flake graphite for refractory materials such as magnesia carbon bricks is provided.

Magnesia carbon bricks are made of magnesia, reburned magnesia, fused magnesia, high-purity magnesia and high-quality graphite and bauxite additives. Its properties have a lot to do with the graphite content in the bricks. With the increase of graphite content, the strength of the brick decreases, the thermal expansion rate decreases, and the residual expansion rate increases.

Therefore, the graphite content in the brick should be controlled at about 20%. Magnesia carbon brick has low wettability to slag, excellent spalling resistance and erosion resistance, and is suitable for the slag line part of the ladle, especially in the occasion of multi-furnace continuous pouring. In order to meet the needs of the production of clean steel, the application part of magnesia carbon bricks has been expanded from the slag line to the side wall when refinin